CDM in the Kyoto Negotiations:

The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) under the Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has its origins in the decade of UNFCCC negotiations. ‘Joint implementation’ and ‘activities implemented jointly pilot’ opened the door for the project-based mechanisms between developed and developing countries. The US proposal of the Joint Implementation in the Kyoto Protocol negotiations was almost identical with CDM approved in Kyoto; however, a detour around the Clean Development Fund (CDF) concept raised by Brazil in the negotiations catalyzed the mutual understanding on the win-win nature of the concept of joint implementation.CDM has been played an important role to bridge the developed and developing countries in its development process initiated as the joint implementation in the UNFCCC, and can lead to the cooperative future in the implementation stage starting from the year 2003, including the development of future commitments beyond 2013. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Variance Estimator for Constrained Estimates of Change in Relative Categorical Frequencies

Consistent estimators of change and state becomes an issue when sample data come from a mix of permanent and temporary observation units. A joint maximum likelihood estimator of state and change creates estimates of state that depend on antecedent viz. posterior survey results and may differ from estimates of state derived from a single-date analysis of the sample data. A constrained estimator of change in relative categorical frequencies that eliminates this potential inconsistency is proposed and a model based estimator of their sampling variance is developed. The performance of the constrained estimator is quantified against six criteria and a joint maximum likelihood estimator in simulated sampling from 15 populations with three combinations of permanent and temporary samples, four to six categorical class attributes, and constant size between sampling dates. Bias of the constrained estimators was negligible but larger than for joint maximum likelihood estimators. Mean absolute deviations and variances of constrained estimators were generally at par with the joint estimators. Constrained estimators of root mean square errors and achieved coverage of nominal confidence intervals of constrained estimators were occasionally better. A generalized variance function for the constrained estimates of change is provided as a computational shortcut.     

梯齿形桥梁伸缩缝U形弯曲件的成形技术

此文介绍一种新型桥梁伸缩缝关键零件U形弯曲件的成形技术.通过对该零件的变形分析和采用合理的工艺措施,使得这一成形难度较大的弯曲件一次压制获得成功.     

有关《环境保护法》的思考

本文综合分析了以环境保护法为基本法的环境保护法律的体系，试图从环境法律关系和法律责任等方面对环境法进行法律属性的分析，得学我国环境管理体制实质上就是环境行政管理体制的结论，环境行政管理必须在法制的轨道上运行，这样才会从根本上解决环境保护的问题，才会使我们的生存环境更加美好。     

Framing the Long-Term <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Situ</Emphasis> Liability Issue for Geologic Carbon Storage in the United States

This paper examines how legal standards of liability may apply to geologic carbon storage. The liability regime governing geologic carbon storage will shape the technology's cost-effectiveness and overall attractiveness. We classify potential sources of liability into operational, in situ, and climate liability. As a first step, we explore in situ liability in the United States. After summarizing legal standards of liability including negligence, breach of implied warranty, strict liability, and product liability, we discuss how liability may be addressed at the level of the federal government, state government, industry, and the firm. Finally, we address the implications of judicial treatment of liability for carbon storage, including the apportionment of liability and the adequacy of current regulations.     

海洋环境责任保险

随着海洋环境问题日益尖锐，可能影响海洋环境的作业者，一旦造成海洋环境污染必将面对巨额的责任赔偿与罚款，作业者为降低自己的风险损失，政府为增强其治理及控制污染的能力，作业者不得不购买海洋环境责任保险，本文着重分析了海洋环境责任保险的发展历史，依法强制实行环境责任保险的必要性及海洋环境责任保险的责任范围。     

滞洪型平原水库蓄水对水环境影响分析及其协同调控研究

本文通过滞洪型水库运行机理的介绍,以石佛寺水库为例,提出利用地表水和地下水协同调控解决蓄水带来的环境负效应,通过建立库区水环境统一模型,利用数值模拟方法分析预测水库蓄水对环境的影响,并对解决水库蓄水产生的环境负效应进行方案的优化选择,最终提出地表水库蓄水和地下水库供水的最优方案.     

电热管焊接接头挤压裂纹的分析

针对电热管焊接接头挤压产生的裂纹 ,通过采用金相显微镜观察其金相组织并用直读光谱对原材料成分进行化学成分分析 ,排除了成分、焊接工艺规范等的影响。经过对挤压过程分析 ,发现应力集中点是产生裂纹的主要原因 ,并提出了改进的方法     

公害民事责任三论

当今，公害已成为公众十分关注的社会问题之一。为维护我国公民的合法权益，我国环境保护法律体系中，对公害造成的社会性危害作了具体规定，文章对民事责任基本从三方面作了比较系统完整的探讨。公害民事责任的法律规定。公害民事责任的特点，公害民事责任与资源破坏民事责任的关系，在公害民事责任与一般民事责任关系的分析中，阐述了追公害民事责任的法律依据和公害民事责任是一种特殊的侵权的民事责任的特性。     

环境侵害民事诉讼若干问题探讨

随着社会经济发展到一定阶段,人们的物质文化需求与日益脆弱的环境现实必然产生矛盾--即发展与环境的矛盾.而这种矛盾所导致的结果就是环境侵害案件的不断增多,而由于我国长期以来一直是一个以计划经济为主的发展中国家,法制建设不足,只是在近二十五年中立法工作才得以提速、加强.而这当中,对环境保护及环境违法处置方面的立法尤显不足,由此造成目前现实中的环境侵害案件,用传统诉讼制度来解决时,问题和缺陷日益显露.深入研究此类案件的特点,将有利于司法部门正确解决纠纷,切实保护当事人的权利.本文对环境侵害之诉讼要件中的诉讼主体的确定,诉讼请求的根据与范围、证明规则,以及诉讼时效等问题进行了初步探讨.